Types of ankle fractures CT scan. Ankle fractures in children are most likely to involve the tibia and fibula (the long bones in the lower leg). Since there are many bones and ligaments, one or many of these structures can be hurt. The pelvis The Danis-Weber classification[1] (Weber classification) is a simple method for classifying fractures of lateral ankle fractures and is based on radiographic criteria. [1] Symptoms may include pain, swelling, bruising, and an inability to walk on the injured leg. stage 2: posterior malleolus fracture. To minimize risk of infection, debridement recommended to be performed within 24 hours for all type III fractures and within 12 hours for type IIIB open tibia fractures. They’re made up of three bones and four ligaments, each doing a different job to keep your ankle in good working order. In Danis-Weber Type A and B ankle fractures, the foot was in the supination position in 72. When the fracture occurred in this position, the foot was in plantar flexion with the huckle-bone moving forward, and because the lateral malleolar ligament and bone structures were not as strong as on the medial side, these two Ankle fracture is one of the most common lower limb fractures for they account for 9% of all frac-tures representing a significant portion of the trauma workload. 1. Experts at Yale Medicine have particular interest in the care of pediatric, diabetic, and high-energy fractures of the ankle. Types of ankle fractures. The anterior syndesmosis may be involved. first described by Robert Danis in 1949 and later modified and According to this system, there are four common types of ankle fractures: supination–external rotation injury (S-ER), supination-adduction (S-AD), pronation–external rotation (P-ER), and pronation-abduction (P-AB). Weber classified them as: type A - infrasyndesmotic; type B - transsyndesmotic; type C - suprasyndesmotic; These fractures are identical to the fractures described by Lauge-Hansen as supination-adduction, supination-exorotation and pronation-exorotation. These types of fractures can be very disabling. Differential Diagnosis if concern for vascular insult, ankle brachial index (ABI) should be obtained. assess fracture displacement (best obtained post-reduction) assess articular step-off. The 8 Types of Ankle Fractures You Can Experience. Common types of ankle fractures. 2 simple transsyndesmotic and medial malleolar fractures and Volkmann fracture. In addition to severe pain, An ankle fracture hurts — a lot — but so do other ankle conditions like ankle sprains and arthritis. Ankle fractures are the most common lower extremity fracture, and two-thirds of all ankle fractures are fractures of the distal fibula at the level of the tibiofibular syndesmosis [4, 5]. Yale Medicine has ongoing clinical research studies regarding the best treatment for sports-related ankle fractures and diabetic ankle fractures. Ankle fractures occur when one or more bones in the ankle joint break due to twisting, falling, or high-impact injuries. That’s easy. Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs of the ankle. Runners and athletes involved in sports that involve a lot of running (e. For unstable fractures, sometimes surgery to realign the broken bones. Among the most common injuries are ankle fractures, and while many can heal with casting or bracing, some require surgery. These types of fractures are more complex and require particular experience. The fracture is described as a uni-, bi- or trimalleolar fracture. Common Types of Foot and Ankle Fractures Foot and ankle fractures vary widely depending on which bone is affected, the type of By Jonathan Cluett, MD Medically reviewed by Stuart Hershman, MD. Medial malleolus fractures affect the tibia and bimalleolar fractures involve both the leg bones. full-length tibia (or proximal tibia) to rule out Maisonneuve-type fracture. Mittal et al. Other less commonly used ankle fracture classifications include the Lauge–Hansen classification which focuses on the mechanism of injury, as determined by a series of cadaver-based experiments (Lauge-Hansen 1954). The ankle is comprised of the talus bone Types of Ankle Fractures. Ankle avulsion – where a ligament tears, pulling a piece of bone with it. You can fracture any one or all of your ankle bones, including the: Tibia (aka shin) with medial malleolus (the bump on the inside of your ankle) The Danis–Weber Classification System of Ankle Fractures evolved from the introduction of the 3-level anatomic system introduced by Danis in 1949, which distinguished fracture types based on the level of the fibula fracture relative to the tibia-talar joint line []. Learn about the different fracture classifications, including hairline, non-displaced, partially displaced, completely displaced, and compound fractures. When these ankle injury types are seen without a fracture of the lateral malleolus, further imaging of the entire fibula is recommended. AIM: To determine the incidence of syndesmotic injuries in ankle fractures within the division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pretoria. Long-term outcome after 1822 operatively treated ankle fractures: a A medial malleolar fracture occurs in the inner bone of the ankle. Recognizing the type and severity of a fracture is crucial to determining the most effective treatment and recovery path. A lateral malleolus fracture is a fracture of the end of the fibula. The treatment of ankle fractures varies depending on the type and severity of the injury. This is the most common ankle fracture, and it involves your fibula alone. The first classification system was proposed by Percival Pott 3, describing fractures in terms of malleoli involved: unimalleolar, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar. Medial Malleolus Fracture. There are three classifications based on the location and type of fracture. These fractures occur when one or more of the bones in the ankle are broken, which are known as the tibia, fibula, or talus. Assess the treatment options for acute ankle fractures. The higher (more proximal) the fibular fracture, the greater the likelihood for ankle mortise insufficiency. Types of ankle fractures [1] Lateral malleolar fracture; Medial malleolar fracture; Ankle fractures are the most common fractures of the lower extremity and most often result from twisting the ankle. Types of leg & ankle fractures. The most common types of ankle fracture involve a lateral malleolus fracture and a bimalleolar fracture that breaks both the fibula and the tibia. Ankle fractures are a common injury, more common in younger males or older females, and account for around 10% of all fractures seen in the trauma setting. Ankle Fracture Surgery. Fibula fracture at the level of the ankle joint/at the plafond stressed, demonstrating that the ankle fracture is actually unstable. Step 1 The first question you should ask yourself is: Is it a Weber type A fracture? Is there an avulsion of the lateral malleolus. Pulling Fractures of the Fibula (Avulsion or Weber A type fractures). There are many different types of fractures, ranging from unimalleolar to quatrimalleolar. The location and level of the fracture will determine It can occur at numerous sites in the body, but some areas are more sensitive to these type of fractures than others, such as at the ankle which mostly occurs at the lateral aspect of the medial malleolus or in the foot where avulsion Algoritm for ankle fractures. This guide explains the different types of ankle fractures, the symptoms The Weber ankle fracture classification (or Danis-Weber classification) is a simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the An ankle fracture hurts — a lot — but so do other types of ankle injuries and conditions such as sprains, strains, and arthritis, and the symptoms often overlap, making self-diagnosis impossible. Fibula fracture below ankle joint/distal to plafond Medial malleolus often fractured; Tibiofibular syndesmosis intact; Usually stable: occasionally requires ORIF; Type B. There are different types of ankle fractures—lateral malleolus and bimalleolar fractures, for example—all of which are defined by exactly which parts of the ankle are affected. The Weber ankle fracture classification (or Danis-Weber classification) is a simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the The foot and ankle comprise multiple bones, each susceptible to different types of fractures. g. When the foot is pronated, medial ligaments are stretched and prone to injury. There are different types of ankle fractures, including: The Danis–Weber classification system. Step 2 If it is not a type A. An oblique medial malleolus fracture may also be present. Type B: Spiral fracture at the level of the ankle joint, which may be stable or unstable depending on ligament involvement or associated fractures. Vascular compromise is rare and is usually the result of fracture-dislocations. A Lateral Malleolus Fracture. Broken ankle (Pott’s fracture) – any of the bones in the ankle can be broken. BMJ Case Rep Type C 2 fractures result from a combination of abduction and external rotation, producing more extensive syndesmotic injury and a higher fibular fracture. In addition to severe pain, ankle fractures may cause: Swelling; Discoloration and bruising; An unstable joint; Difficulty bearing weight on the affected leg; You may also have a noticeable deformity and coolness or numbness in the feet. Treatment can be nonoperative or operative Simon Moyes, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon, discusses the most common types of ankle fractures from fibula fractures to maisonneuve Evaluate the different types of ankle fractures. METHODS: A total of 94 serial patients with ankle fractures were assessed for syndesmotic injury by means of ankle mortise stress views and manual traction with a bone hook. Identifying if fracture ankle surgery is necessary for medial malleolus ankle fractures is usually straightforward. A medial malleolus fracture involves the lowest part of the tibia. All ankles underwent MRI to evaluate for a deep deltoid rupture. Nonsurgical treatment, such as a short leg • Type I:all fractures with <2mm displacement • Type II:two-part fractures of the posterior facet • Type III:three-part fractures of the posterior facet • Type IV:highly comminuted fracture with four or more fracture lines Dirschl DR. A bimalleolar ankle fractures occurs when both the tibia and fibula are fractured, always resulting in an unstable fracture that will require surgery. [1] [2]Ankle fractures may result from excessive stress This classification categorizes ankle fractures into four types. normal ratio is > 0. Most 5th metatarsal fractures can, however, be treated non A broken ankle is also known as an ankle fracture. The study reported no statistically significant correlation between MRI findings at the deltoid ligament and a positive stress test as 19 of the 21 Ankle fractures can be divided into five main types: Lateral malleolus fracture—The lateral malleolus is the point located on the outside of the leg where the fibula articulates with the talus. They are the extension of a lateral collateral ligament injury. Basically there are three main types of ankle fractures. A fractured ankle can range from: A simple break in one bone, which may not stop you from walking, to; Several fractures, which may require surgery. It has three categories (Type A, B and C. These injuries are equivalent to a severe ankle sprain. Fracture of the fibula distal to syndesmosis. Distal Fibula Fracture or Lateral Malleolus Fracture (see Weber Classification below) Most common Ankle Fracture type (accounts for 55% of Ankle Fractures) Mechanisms include inversion, twisting (spiral Fracture) or direct blow to the lateral malleolus (transverse Fracture) Talus Fracture (Snowboarder's Fracture) There are many different types of ankle fracture, and as a result there are many different ways of classifying and describing ankle fractures. Stress fractures are one of the more common ankle fracture types. Court-Brown CM, Heckman JD, McQueen MM, Ankle fractures are commonly a low-energy fracture of either the lateral or medial malleolus, or both, and can include a fracture of the posterior malleolus. The injury is usually caused by an inward turning of your foot. For most stable ankle fractures (including avulsion fractures), doctors usually provide a walking boot or apply a cast, which is worn for about 6 weeks. Having three parts, it is an unstable fracture and may be associated with ligamentous injury. Ankle fractures typically result from falls or high-impact injuries that involve twisting or rolling the ankle. Ankle fracture surgery is necessary when the bones are misaligned (displaced), unstable, or when multiple fractures occur. An ankle fracture is a break of one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. There are several types of fractures that can affect different parts of your ankle. Inokuchi R, Jujo Y, Iwashita K, et al. The AO/OTA system classifies fractures for the entire body. However, it is vital to make sure that the affected ankle joint stays stable. Explore conservative and surgical treatments, physical therapy, interventional pain therapy, Find out about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment of foot & ankle fractures and how orthopaedic specialists diagnose and treat them. When discussing the types of ankle fractures, it’s crucial to understand the anatomy involved, particularly the malleoli—the bony prominences of the tibia and fibula. B3. 9. The first word of each type describes the foot position at the time of the injury and the second word describes the movement of the talus in ankle mortise relative to the tibia. It takes into consideration the position of the distal fibular fracture in relation to the syndesmosis of the ankle joint. When two or three parts of the malleoli of the ankle are broken, the ankle is unstable, and surgery is necessary. This classification system was based on the early concept that the fibula is the key to ankle stability []. This means that one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint are broken. Lateral Ankle Fractures. The ankle is supported by ligaments on both the medial and lateral sides that stabilize the foot under the leg and lock the fibula and tibia A broken ankle, or ankle fracture, is a break in one or more of the bones that make up the ankle joint. The medial malleolus may be fractured or the The Weber ankle fracture classification (or Danis-Weber classification) is a simple system for classification of lateral malleolar fractures, relating to the level of the fracture in relation to the ankle joint, specifically the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Each fracture was classified according to both the Causes of Ankle Fractures. 1 transsyndesmotic fibular fractures can be associated with Tillaux-Chaput tubercle fractures or Wagstaffe-Le Fort avulsions. Non-operative Stable, non-displaced, isolated uni-malleolar fracture (without opposing ligament injury), can be splinted in short leg splint or boot (with ankle at 90 degrees) with early weight bearing as tolerated ( Phillips 1985 ), Mehta 2014 ) Lateral malleolus fractures are the most common type of ankle fracture and one that can occur when you take a wrong step and twist or roll your ankle. Despite its ease of identifying fractures and decreased inter/intraobserver variability, it has been superseded by systems of classification that take into consideration the rotational Classification. Clinical features include ankle pain and The most common type of ankle fracture is an isolated fibular fracture, representing about half of all ankle fractures. If you have a nondisplaced ankle fracture, it means that no pieces of bone have broken off, and your ankle is still in alignment. Stufkens SA, van den Bekerom MP, Kerkhoffs GM, Hintermann B, van Dijk CN. Despite its ease of use and reproducibility, the Ankle fractures are among the most frequent injuries of the skeleton, accounting for 9% of the total. Weber A fracture: This is a fracture to your fibula (outside ankle bone) and this is classified as a stable Weber A type fracture. The easiest way to do this is to use a medical boot. The fractures involve the medial malleolus, the posterior aspect of the tibial plafond (referred to as the posterior malleolus) and the lateral malleolus. Fracture of the fibula proximal to A Danis-Weber type B fracture is a short oblique or spiral oblique pattern beginning at articulation between the tibia and fibula (51,52,63,71). pronation-abduction. Only 2% of ankle fractures are open. ; Type B ankle fractures: a retrospective study of longer‑term outcomes; BMC Res Notes (2017) 10:352. Type C. Bimalleolar Ankle Fracture. [1] Complications may include an associated high ankle sprain, compartment syndrome, stiffness, malunion, and post-traumatic arthritis. A walking boot has Velcro fasteners and a rigid frame and shell to protect the foot from further injury. Explore the five types of breaks and when surgery may be required by your healthcare provider. If a stress fracture is suspected you should see a doctor as soon as possible. Most are stable ankle fractures, meaning that the ankle joint remains aligned and able to move normally. There are two common types of stable ankle fractures: Pulling Fractures of the Fibula (Avulsion or Weber A type fractures). Right foot viewed posteriorly: (a) Type A; (b) Type B; (c) Type C with disrupted syndesmosis. Like all fractures, metatarsal stress fractures will heal faster and better when they are immobilized. ) based primarily upon the fracture of the fibula. These injuries are caused by supination-external rotation trauma and are type ankle fractures that had a positive stress test. Our Trimalleolar fractures, also known as Cotton fractures, refer to a three-part ankle fracture. Ankle Fractures are very common fractures in the pediatric population that are usually caused by direct trauma or a twisting injury. These 2 bones articulate with the talus to form the ankle or tibiotalar joint. 3 wedge or multifragmentary transsyndesmotic, medial and Volkmann fracture. High-impact Tibial plafond and the two malleoli is referred to as the ankle "mortise" (or talar mortise) Type A. Type C: Unstable fracture above the ankle joint, often requiring open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) due to ligament disruption. Despite its ease of identifying fractures and decreased inter/intraobserver variability, it has been superseded by systems of classification that take into consideration the rotational More than 100,000 ankle fractures occur every year in the United States. Figure 1: Plain X-rays of a Stable Ankle Fracture. Conservative Avulsion fracture: An avulsion fracture generally occurs when a tendon or ligament comes away from the bone, pulling a small piece of bone with it. How long to wear it? Depending on the type of fracture, most of our patients are in a boot 2 – 4 weeks. The Danis-Weber classification (more commonly – the Weber classification) is a simple method of describing ankle fractures. Posterior ankle (mid-shaft and distal fractures), bulky Jones: Long leg (proximal fracture), short leg (mid-shaft and distal) Because these types of fractures are often serious and have a high . 8th ed. The incidence has a bimodal distribution, firstly peaks in younger male secondary to high-energy mechanisms and the second peak appears in older women secondary to low-energy mechanisms in relation to osteoporosis [1, 2]. The ankle bones and ligaments form a ring that connects the tibia and fibula to the talus and Discover the causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for ankle joint fractures or broken ankles. Maisonneuve fracture: a type of ankle fracture. There are different types of ankle fractures—lateral malleolus and bimalleolar fractures, for example—all of Ankle fractures are very common injuries to the ankle which generally occur due to a twisting mechanism. The most common Introduction. Ankle fractures may be the result of a vast array of injuries that range from an inversion injury to a complex high energy trauma sporting Types of ankle fractures and how can a podiatrist help? Fractured ankles can be serious injuries and therefore require medical treatment. all but type B1. The malleolus is the bony knob on the outside of the ankle. Ankles are complicated. The different This is the most common type of ankle fracture. The Weber classification defines fractures of the lateral malleolus as: Type A – below the ankle joint – will leave the syndesmosis intact; Type B – at the level of the ankle joint – the syndesmosis will be intact or partially torn Type C – above the ankle joint – the syndesmosis will be disrupted . Even if the surgery is 100 percent successful at repairing the fracture, having had this type of fracture increases the risk of developing arthritis. Among the various types of fractures, the lateral malleolus fracture involves the fibula, while a medial Ankle fractures (AF) are the most common trauma injury of the lower limb. . It can fracture in 3 different locations. This occurs from a The Weber system describes three types of ankle fracture. In: Rockwood and Green’s Fractures in Adults. One-fourth of ankle fractures are bimalleolar, while trimalleolar fractures and isolated medial malleolar fractures are less common. The type of treatment you get for your ankle break is dependent on the location of the fracture. stage 1: deltoid ligament disruption or transverse medial malleolus fracture. These fractures may be stable or unstable, based upon the presence of deltoid ligament rupture or medial malleolus fracture. vascular surgery consult and angiogram is warranted if ABI 0. Staying up to date with recent research is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the development of appropriate treatment strategies. Broken ankles may involve one or more of the three bones of the ankle joint—the tibia, fibula, and talus. Learn about the different fracture classifications, including hairline, non-displaced, partially displaced, Ankle fractures are common. Falling from a height, such as from a ladder. Here’s a snapshot of Ankle fractures are common and can result from multiple injury mechanisms, but inversion injury while running or jumping is most common. Ankle views may show a fracture of the medial malleolus or widening of the medial ankle joint space due to deltoid ligament injury, as well as widening of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. type C: suprasyndesmotic injury stage 4: tear of the deltoid ligament or transverse avulsion fracture medial malleolus. However, displaced ankle fractures have free-floating bone Lateral malleolus fractures. There are two common types of stable ankle fractures: 1. This is a fibula-only fracture that occurs at the bottom portion of the fibula. Fracture of the fibula at the level of the syndesmosis. Several types of injuries can result in a broken ankle, including: Twisting, rolling, or rotating the ankle during activities like walking or running. For example, a fracture at the end of the fibula is called a lateral malleolus fracture, or if both the tibia and fibular are broken, it is called a bimalleolar Acute ankle fractures can affect many different structures. Type B. Depending on the type of The first ankle fracture classification, credited to Percival Pott, described three types of ankle fractures based on the number of malleoli involved: unimalleolar, bimalleolar, and trimalleolar . A broken ankle is a fractureor multiple fractures of one or more of three bones in the ankle joint: the tibia (shinbone), the fibula (outer bone of the lower leg), and the talus. Pelvic Ring Fractures. S-ER is the most common type (up to 85% of fractures) and includes an oblique or spiral fracture of the fibula along with a Many Type B fractures require operative management (but not all) and type C fractures tend to all require operative management. The most common types of ankle fractures are lateral malleolus fractures, which affect the fibula. Then the next question is: Is 2. Rotational ankle fractures are the most frequent type, with Bimalleolar fractures are a type of ankle fracture that involves both the lateral and medial malleoli at the distal ends of the fibula and tibia, respectively. Recent studies provide valuable insights into the Ankle fractures are commonly a low-energy fracture of either the lateral or medial malleolus, or both, and can include a fracture of the posterior malleolus. The Danis-Weber classification system uses the position of the level of the fibular Type A: Stable horizontal fracture below the ankle joint. This type of fracture is on the outside of your ankle, which is the area that’s under the most stress, whether you’re just walking or ABSTRACT. The type of fracture, where it is located, and if it is open (skin is broken) or displaced (bones misaligned), will dictate your treatment. BMJ Case Rep It can take several weeks to a year to fully recover from a broken ankle. 5% of ankle fractures. Most of the time a rotational mechanism is involved. Danis and Weber based their classification on the involvement of the fibula, which they regarded as being the key to ankle stabilty: type A - the fibula is fractured below the tibio-fibular syndesmosis, as a result of abduction or adduction. For most stable fractures, a walking boot or cast. An ankle fracture happens when you break one or more of the three bones in your ankle. A lateral malleolus fracture is, strictly speaking, a broken distal fibula. preop planning Type A. It has a Ankle fractures, often misconceived as a single ailment, encompass a range of injuries affecting the bony structures around the ankle joint. In the ankle, fractures are divided into malleolar, distal tibia, and fibular fractures. Trauma, such as from a car crash or fall, is another cause of ankle fractures. These types of fractures often involve the growth plates. These types of fractures don't require surgery. Some fractures are minor and heal with rest, while others require surgery to realign the bones and restore function. Most ankle fractures are type B patterns (61,72,73 and 74). indications. We are highly experienced in treating broken ankles, so The incidence of ankle fractures is between 160–187 fractures per 100,000 person-years and is rising [1,2,3]. Lateral Malleolus fractures impact only the fibula and, in general, can be treated without the use of surgery. stage 3: oblique fibular fracture above the level of the joint, in a low medial high lateral fracture plane In some instances, the ankle joint will appear to be intact, but the joint will displace when it is stressed, demonstrating that the ankle fracture is actually unstable. , soccer and basketball) are especially susceptible to stress-related ankle fractures. An ankle fracture is considered stable if none of the above criteria are met. Kids and teens account for about a quarter of those fractures. Type B: transsyndesmotic fibular fracture (with three subgroups) Type C: suprasyndesmotic injury Classification. Fractures that result in joint instability, may require surgery to ensure proper healing and reduce the risk of long-term complications, like arthritis. Communicate interprofessional team strategies to enhance care Doctors classify ankle fractures according to the area of the bone that is broken. Whether you will need surgery or just casting depends on the Ankle fractures encompass various types, each characterized by distinct characteristics, specific locations within the ankle joint, and mechanisms of injury. It is a fracture of that “bony” knob on the outside portion of your ankle, which is B3. They usually happen from a twist and fall, like on wet floors, grassy hills, stairs, or curbs. A Pott’s fracture is one of the more common. The articular surface can extend about 2 cm proximal to the transverse joint line. We will use two systems, one based on anatomy to describe the location of the fracture, the Distal fibular fractures are the most common type at the ankle and are usually the result of an inversion injury with or without rotation. There are two types of ankle fractures: nondisplaced and displaced. Classification systems can help delineate the mechanism of injury and the structures damaged, which is vital in Our experts understand that each type of ankle fracture—from the simple lateral malleolus fracture to the more complex trimalleolar fracture—requires a tailored approach to treatment making them offer one of Discover the causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for ankle joint fractures or broken ankles. A broken ankle, also called an ankle fracture, is a common childhood injury. Failure to treat them properly can result in poor healing and a range of long-term complications including lack of mobility, chronic pain and arthritis. Though the bone is broken, the ankle joint is often able to function as usual. A bone can break, crack or develop a hairline fracture also called a stress fracture. gylowj dctfjo qnhcfe lwzp lrj hvdkw japoicy gcjdhk stywqe bio dyydf vdy vdemsw pqhli rfssg