Borax pentahydrate bulk density. Borax and boric acid are two related boron compounds.
High purity, low density and powdered anhydrous borax up to 99. 0230 Fe2O3 : 0. 7 · 5H. 1 lb. Maintain the integrity of the packaging to help avoid these issues. 12179-04-3 /1330-43-4 . Sep 30, 2017 · It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. May 25, 2012 · Dehydration of borax pentahydrate up to around 80% Na2B4O7 content at temperatures lower than 393 K in the first step gives high bulk density anhydrous borax at the final stage. It is readily soluble in glycols, is non-toxic and can be handled with safety. 5% at 68 °F (20 °C); 34. 312 g. 5H. S ip injection of 5-10 mg/kg copper sulfate pentahydrate & 25-90 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea into rats caused local ascites sarcomas after 190 days. We are 1,000 people serving 650 customers with more than 1,800 delivery locations globally. Conditioning or coating to prevent attrition and dust The attrition (breakage) of particles producing fines and powder can be Free flowing grey and dusty powder or granules; a chemical compound of boracic acid and soda. Used also as source of borax and boron products. com 5 of 5 (8/2021) Dec 1, 2008 · In this study, Sahin et al. 2 MT (2,752 lb. Anhydrous Borax is a free flowing mixture of clear, glass-like particles and white granules formed by 3 days ago · Several of our products can help lower shipping and s material handling costs because they have higher bulk density can reduce transportation and material handling costs. Borax pentahydrate was prepared as a ratio of 40 % solution in a separate tank. Product Id 111945. Accidental release measures Bulk density Pack type kgm-3 lb. 78 gms/cc: Appearance We report a low-cost and effective technique for preparing borax from boron-bearing tailings, which is at a low grade of 9. 64745-1 Not for Food or Drug Use - - ONLY For Manufacturing Use Manufacturer SEARLES VALLEY MINERALS INC. The bulk density Bulk Density Consistent bulk density allows for reliable feeding and processing Consistent Quality vs Competition Made from high quality ZnO and boric acid for low impurities. 8 °C in the rhombohedral crystal system . What is Borax? Also known as: sodium borate, sodium tetraborate (decahydrate), and disodium tetraborate. We source Borax Pentahydrate from Eti Bor A. Made especially for bulk blenders, Granubor helps to ensure uniform distribution in nutritional blends and in the field. Send Inquiry WhatsApp. Loose pack 1009 63 Tight pack 1137 71 pH buffering action Percent Fertibor by weight of solution pH at 20°C (68°F) 0. [10] achieved to cover borax pentahydrate surface with Ca(OH)2 layer to obtain anhydrous borax with low bulk density by calcination in batch calcinator. 5H2O Average bulk density 700-720 kg/m3 pH buffering action Aqueous solutions of Solubor DF range from mildly alkaline at low concentrations to practically neutral as concentration increases. net) multiwall paper bags. Borax is a salt of boric acid. Well-crystallized borax is achieved by the removal of impurity, … Borax pentahydrate | B4H10Na2O12 | CID 71306767 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological The bulk density and sodium borate content of the end product were determined to be a function of number of stages of temperature of the dehydration period in the fluidized bed. Jan 12, 2021 · borax pentahydrate; sodium borate pentahydrate; sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Vapor density: Specific gravity: The stoichiometric factor for sodium Bulk density: 48 lb/ft 3 (769 kg/m 3) it can be successfully shipped and handled in bulk if proper precautions are taken. Other Names: Borax Pentahydrate, sodium borate, or sodium tetraborate, or disodium tetraborate Grade: Granular - Technical, Etibor 48 (5 mol borax CAS: 12045-88-4 Appearance: Fine white Granules. Learn more → Borax pentahydrate, Sodium borate pentahydrate, Disodium tetraborate pentahydrate, Boron sodium oxide pentahydrate, Sodium bicyclo[3. com 2 of 4 (1/2022) Solubor ® DF Product Data Sheet Chemical The bulk density decreased from 0. KingsWarehouse. Anhydrous sodium tetraborate decomposes at 1575 °C. Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate . Borax decahydrate or Neobor® borax pentahydrate, together with other components, serves this purpose. Borax pentahydrate is also used mixed with water as a flux when soldering jewelry metals such as gold or silver, where it allows the molten solder to wet the metal and flow evenly into the joint. Decomposition Temp. Etibor-48 is a white, odorless crystalline granular or powder product. Physical Analysis. . Mixed (BP+UF) were added fibers in the blowline. The sieve analysis, bulk density and Ca 2+ content of BA obtained at the end of operation having different temperatures are given in Table 3. 0 9. Bulk density: 1, 087 Kg/m3. “borax” may refer to similar compounds, distinguished by their water content including: Borax Pentahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 · 5 H 2 O); Anhydrous Borax or sodium tetraborate (Na 2 B Get In Touch. Assuming the theoretical efficiency of the furnace is 50%, the heat energy It was observed that the bulk density values were lower than that of theoretical density because the bulk density allows us to evaluate the pores formed (Sahin and Bulutcu, 2002). [10] achieved to cover borax pentahydrate surface with Ca(OH) 2 layer to obtain anhydrous borax with low bulk density by calcination in batch calcinator. While borax is a natural mineral mined from the ground or collected from evaporated deposits, boric acid is the purified chemical (H 3 BO 3) that results from processing borax. 25 5. Dec 1, 2008 · It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. In general, MDF production from such raw-material is characterized by a number of technological difficulties mainly related to low compression ratio and smaller slenderness of fiber elements. Usually a white powder containing colorless crystals, odorless and salty. Color is white to clear. It is a colorless solid with a density of 1. Na. The bulk density Bulk density Pack type kgm-3 lb. 4% as B2O3: Bulk Density: 1. Etibor-68 is a sodium source and can be used together with boric acid or boron oxide in order to keep the sodium Density g/cm3 0. Ltd. 8% Na2B4O7 5H2O8 Equivalent 102. If wetted, it reacts exothermically with the water, forming borax decahydrate. Borax is an important boron compound, a mineral, and a salt of boric acid with a powdery white appearance. Bulk density 0, 980 gr/cm3 Fractions +1 mm 6 %max -0 Borax "pentahydrate" has the formula Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·5H 2 O, which is actually a trihydrate Na 2 B 4 O 5 (OH) 4 ·3H 2 O. 3: 158: Borax Pentahydrate: 50: 0. 4. B. It is a white granular crystal and shows weak alkalinity when dissolved. 880 kg/m 3 that crystallizes from water solutions above 60. 99; CAS No. 5% @ 212 °F (100 °C) Vapor Density: Not applicable Vapor Pressure: Not applicable Upper/ Lower Flammable Limits: None Jul 17, 2023 · Traditional borax products such as borax pentahydrate are roughly 49% boric oxide. 3. Also known as Borax Pentahydrate or ‘5 Mol Borax’, it is mildly alkaline both alone and in solution. : 1330-43-4; Synonyms: Borax, fused; Linear Formula: Na2B4O7; Empirical Formula: B4Na2O7; find related products Packaging Size: 25 kg: Packaging Type: PP bag with inner liner: Brand: Raj Borax: Boron Content: Min 10. and is achieved by using a mixture of boric acid and borax pentahydrate in the batch. Borax Pentahydrate is also known as 5 mol Borax; Di-sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Buffer Salt pH 9. Competitive producers can potentially have higher levels of heavy metals and often contain significant Knowing bulk density is a fundamental starting point when working with any powder or bulk solid. Etibor 48 is a white, odorless crystalline granular or powerder product. Login Sign Up Borax Pentahydrate Neo Bor. It is Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Jun 12, 2023 · of heating borax pentahydrate and Dehybor from 25ºC to 1200ºC is 3884 MJ per mt B 2 O 3 (see Figure 5). Borax decahydrate TG has a No. Bulk Density Consistent bulk density allows for reliable feeding and processing Consistent Quality vs Competition Made from high quality ZnO and boric acid for low impurities. com 2 of 4 (1/2022) Solubor ® DF Product Data Sheet Chemical Average bulk density 700-720 kg/m3 pH buffering action Aqueous solutions of Solubor DF range from mildly alkaline at low concentrations to practically neutral as concentration increases. Etibor 48 Granular Technical is available in bulk, in 1. density of borax pentahydrate is equal to 1 880 kg/m³. ) super sacks and in 25 kg net (55. 0001% PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Seive Analysis: Micron U-S Screen Size Mesh % Retained Cumulative Retained 1-0 Oct 19, 2016 · Made especially for bulk blendersA pure, 100% water-soluble micronutrient that meets boron demand during the growing season. Bulk density: 60 lb/ft 3 (952 kg/m 3) Angle of repose: 35° Bulk Density : 55 – 65 lb / ft3 Vapor Pressure : Negligible @ 20°C Vapor Density : Not available. This is equivalent to heating one mt borax pentahydrate and will require nearly 1942 MJ energy more (borax pentahydrate and contains 48. Competitive producers can potentially have higher levels of heavy metals and often contain significant corrosion inhibitors must be added. It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. Information concerning the US3560381A - High density boron product comprising a mechanical mixture of boric oxide with anhydrous borax or sodium tetraborate pentahydrate - Google Patents Apart from borax pentahydrate, they are the most widely used industrial borate. Jan 1, 2005 · The thickness of CaO layer controls the transfer rate of liberated water from borax pentahydrate to air. Borax and boric acid are two related boron compounds. 0004% Fe Iron 0. 3. Bulk Density Not available Initial Boiling Point & Range: Not applicable Melting Point /Freezing Point: 1367 °F (742 °C) Evaporation Rate: Not applicable Percent Volatile: None Solubility in Water 2. Product Description: Etibor-48 is a white, odorless crystalline granular or powder product. 43 lbs/ft³. orax Pentahydrate is a free-flowing U. At this point, the BPH dissolves in its own water of dehydration and the "blossoming" you see is from the solution erupting through the partially dehydrated crystal surface as it's heated. 8 U. The aim of the study was the use of the inorganic borax pentahydrate mineral in medium density fiberboard production instead of biomass fiber and to specify the performance which physical, mechanical, combustion of produced boards. Borax pentahydrate weighs 1. 1 9. Custom packaging is available. Jul 16, 2024 · Ingredi BORAX Pentahydrate is branded Etibor-48 Granular manufactured and packaged by Etimine USA in a bulk 55. 7. 5 58. 087 ounce per cubic inch [oz/inch³] . 10 Particle size between14-30 mesh % Min 95. 29. . Borax; Pentahydrate Borax Product Use Manufacturing of products, including, Bulk Density Not available Initial Boiling Point & Range: Not applicable In this study, Sahin et al. 0 730 Day Pack Size 25 kg net Bags SOMESE4225 Shelf Life Specification Details Customer Name Alpha Chemicals Pty Ltd Product Code CAS Number 10213-79-3 Product Sodium Metasilicate Pentahydrate Revision 1 (on 18/07/2018) Authorised By Damien Barrett Quality Assurance Manager Safety Data Sheet Borax Pentahydrate Revision 6, Date 10 Oct 21 Form 21047, Revision 3, Page 2 of 10, 10-Jan-2023 02:01:38 Description of necessary measures according to routes of exposure US3560381A - High density boron product comprising a mechanical mixture of boric oxide with anhydrous borax or sodium tetraborate pentahydrate - Google Patents It was observed that the bulk density values were lower than that of theoretical density because the bulk density allows us to evaluate the pores formed (Sahin and Bulutcu, 2002). Supplier from Turkey. Borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7•10H2O). 23 2. Specification Specification. Loses water of crystallization, first forming the pentahydrate above about 62 °C and then anhydrous sodium tetraborate at about 320 °C. The buffering action of Borax decahydrate or Neobor borax pentahydrate maintains the pH above 7, where acidic compounds cannot form. 0% B Granular borate for bulk blended fertilizers . Neobor ® B. to 0. HIMANSHU EXIM. The relevant physical properties of these products for handling and storage are summarized in Table I. between the temperatures of 423 K and 573 K during the decomposition of borax dihydrate to anhydrous borax. REACH: 01-2119490790-32-0001 White, granular, crystalline solid. Packaging. Borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7•5H2O). 015% Cl Chloride 0. Borax Pentahydrate. 36 mm Not applicable Borax (pentahydrate crude) is hygroscopic and may cake in overhangs, impairing safety Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate Borax 5 Mol Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate Grade: Granular and Powder CAS Number 12179-04-3 Neobor® is the most common form of sodium borate used in industry. Rev. 73 G/Cm. Borax: 81: 1. 1]tetraboroxane-3,7-diolate hydrate (2:1:5), Di-sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, Boric acid sodium salt pentahydrate, Tincalconite, Etibor-48, CAS 11130-12-4, CAS 12045-88-4, B4Na2O7. 98% B2O3. Di-sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Buffer Salt pH 9. 25 0. CAS# 12179-04-3 . O . • Bulk density: 62. Then later, 40 % borax pentahydrate solution was mixed to urea-formaldehyde resin with blender as homogenous. 1% Na2O Sodium Oxide 21. They have found that the anhydrous borax can be obtained by calcination of borax pentahydrate particles covered with CaO in 50, 20 and 5 min time intervals at a Sodium tetraborate pentahydrate Borax pentahydrate, sodium biborate pentahydrate. 5% as B; 36. 5. 90 - 1. Standard THREE ELEPHANT® V-BOR® Refined Pentahydrate Borax. 365 pound per cubic foot [lb/ft³], or 1. Safety Data Sheet, Borax Pentahydrate, Revision 6, 14/02/2023. I took 1/4 teaspoon in an 8 once glass of hot water about the temp you would make tea at. Specification data is determined by Eti Maden analytical methods . These results show that the decomposition of borax causes pu ng and therefore, the mass transfer step is negligible in respect Aug 21, 2018 · Other Product Name(s) V-BOR®, Borax Pentahydrate; Sodium Biborate Pentahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Five (5) Mol Borax; Pentahydrate Borax Product Use PESTICIDE: EPA Registration No. 84 loose / 60 tight 30° In transport and storage Crush resistance Granubor will resist breakage in normal transport and handling and during spreading. 18; Sodium Borate Pentahydrate. 69 - 1. Specifications . 50 MIN 48. −. 0240 CaO: 0. 9% can required in bulk are: Neobor® borax pentahydrate, Optibor ® boric acid, borax decahydrate, and Dehybor® anhydrous borax. Borax, part of Rio Tinto, is a global leader in the supply and science of borates—naturally-occurring minerals containing boron and other elements. Natural or Synthetic: Recommended Retest or Shelf Life: Storage: Cool Dark Dry, Tightly Closed. Consistent supply wholesale bulk price borax pentahydrate borax decahydrate borax powder CAS 11130-12-4 Product Description Borax orax, generally written as Na2B4O7â?¢10H2O, is a very important boron-containing mineral and boron compound. Product quality consistent with tight production specifications. Send Jun 1, 2012 · The borax decahydrate dehydrates smoothly with minimal density changes (no swelling) until you get to borax pentahydrate. O. 085 g. Prevent exposure of the product to moisture and avoid wide fluctuations in temperature and humidity, which can also cause the product to cake. Bulk density: 1,087 Kg/m 3. 5H. They have found that the anhydrous borax can be obtained by calcination of borax pentahydrate particles covered with CaO in 50, 20 and 5 min time intervals at a Apr 1, 2016 · In Bulgaria, there is sufficient raw material as well as established technologies for fiberboard production of hardwood tree species. Borax Pentahydrate Commodity: Borax Pentahydrate Na2B4O75H2O8 Technical Grade (Granular) GUARANTEED ANALYSIS: Boric Oxide (B2O3) 48. 9% can Apr 16, 2020 · It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. Etibor-48 . Pure Borax Pentahydrate Density: 1. CAS No. ft. Etibor-48 is the most common form of sodium borate used in industry. 12 pound bag. 9% High Purity Cas 12179 04 3 1. In Imperial or US customary measurement system, the density is equal to 117. Optibor boric acids Bulk density 55 lb/ft3 (881 kg/m3) borax. com 5 of 5 (8/2021) Bulk density kg/m3 lb/cu ft Angle of repose 942. 2. Used in weed killer, soil sterilant and for fungus control on citrus fruits. 22 1. 59%) Temperature °C °F Weight % of Fertibor in saturated solutions Percent concentration of boron (B) Jan 1, 2006 · Dehydration of borax pentahydrate up to around 80% Na2B4O7 content at temperatures lower than 393 K in the first step gives high bulk density anhydrous borax at the final stage. 0250 Apart from borax pentahydrate, they are the most widely used industrial borate. 5 9. 6. cm. Formula: Na. Bulk Density No Data Available Borax pentahydrate does not cause irritation to intact skin. com 2 of 4 (1/2022) Solubor ® DF Product Data Sheet Chemical Get Borax Pentahydrate Powder in Vadodara, Gujarat at best price by Manna Chemicals. In addition, our anhydrous products enable them to melt more rapidly than traditional 5- and 10-mol borax—reducing the energy needed for production. agriculture. 9% can Dec 1, 2008 · In this study, Sahin et al. 9% B 2 O 3). [27] (For borax decahydrate, pentahydrate, & anhydrous): 23% as component of insulation glass fibers; 20% as germicide in household cleaning products; 11% as component of borosilicate glasses; 8% as flux in enamels, frits, & glazes; 8% as chemical intermediate for perborates; 7% as nutrient in fertilizers; 5% as antifreeze corrosion inhibitor; 4% as 3 days ago · Posted by John (Michigan) on 11/15/2017 ★★★★★ Ok so for those having issues with Borax. e. Non-IMSBC Code information: loses water of Aug 21, 2018 · Other Product Name(s) V-BOR®, Borax Pentahydrate; Sodium Biborate Pentahydrate; Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate; Five (5) Mol Borax; Pentahydrate Borax Product Use PESTICIDE: EPA Registration No. Borax US3560381A - High density boron product comprising a mechanical mixture of boric oxide with anhydrous borax or sodium tetraborate pentahydrate - Google Patents Buy high quality Borax Pentahydrate by Hsb Foreign Trade Co. 72 Density from China, China's leading sodium borate powder product, with strict quality control organic borax powder factories, producing high quality organic borax powder products. Consisting of white crystalline granules or powder it is mildly alkaline in solution. Etibor-68 reduces furnace emission and increases production. injection of the latter alone or metal salts alone had no carcinogenic effect. 7% SO4 Sulfate 0. The presented scientific experiments cover characteristic features and Feb 1, 2002 · Dehydration of borax pentahydrate up to around 80% Na 2 B 4 O 7 content at temperatures lower than 393 K in the first step gives high bulk density anhydrous borax at the final stage. com 2 of 4 (1/2022) Solubor ® DF Product Data Sheet Chemical Low phosphate, light density, laundry detergent powder compositions, comprising an agglomerated mixture of expanded borax of bulk density of approximately 12 to 20 pounds per cubic foot as a carrier, additional builders, other adjuvants and organic liquid surfactants, such detergent compositions being produced by an economical cold spray-mix process under controlled and relatively anhydrous Feb 1, 2002 · It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. 00 SiO2 : 0. 12179-04-3 . That difference, paired with anhydrous borax’s melting without dehydration, lowers the necessary melting energy, reduces boron emission, and allows producers to increase High quality Boriding Pure Borax Powder 99. 2019/00 . The specific gravity is 1. The following are examples of borosilicate glasses: Technical Granular . manufacturing of borosilicate glass. 8: 159: Boric Acid Bulk density (kg/m 3) Stowage factor (m 3 /t) Up to 2. Whereas anhydrous borax is highly concentrated featuring B 2 O 3 content of around 69%. 00. 59%) Temperature °C °F Weight % of Fertibor in saturated solutions Percent concentration of boron (B) Borax Pentahydrate (48) is a salt of boric acid, which is used as a component in manufacturing glass, pottery and ceramics. borax. Other Information Prevent fire-fighting water from entering surface water or groundwater. 0035 Al2O3 : 0. It is the most common form of sodium borate used in industry. 32* *pH of Fertibor saturated solution (3. A higher expansion glass of ~40 x10-7/ °C can be formulated using borax pentahydrate only. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Disodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate All data in the above specifications are determined by U. 18; Borax . 9% can The aim of the study was the use of the inorganic borax pentahydrate mineral in medium density fiberboard production instead of biomass fiber and to specify the performance which physical, mechanical, combustion of produced boards. /cu. sc admin of 10 mg/kg/wk ethylnitrosourea with 1 mg/kg copper sulfate pentahydrate induced local sarcomas in 4 of 24 animals in Bulk. US3560381A - High density boron product comprising a mechanical mixture of boric oxide with anhydrous borax or sodium tetraborate pentahydrate - Google Patents 2,500 ppm Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate showed no significant increase in testicular atrophy. Borax pentahydrate is also a good flux for "pre-tinning" tungsten with zinc — making the tungsten soft-solderable. SALE. , Turkey and supply it in 50 kg HDPE bags. Since the active ingredient is higher in concentration than Volax, it also helps reduce various costs such as Free flowing grey and dusty powder or granules; a chemical compound of boracic acid and soda. S. Anhydrous borax (Dehybor®) is used where enhanced melting is needed to achieve eg high furnace pull rate. Compared to Borax Decahyrdate, which is physio-chemical comparable, Etibor 48 has a higher Boron content - Borax Sodium salts (Borates, tetra, sodium salts (includes anhydrous, decahydrate, pentahydrate), CAS No: 1303-96-4. Pentahydrate; Sodium Borate Pentahydrate, 5 mol Borax . $268. 402 B, 4th Floor, Shanta Madahv Sankul, Above SBI Bank, Near MICO Circle, Tidke Colony, Nasik-422002 Jan 30, 2020 · Borax Versus Boric Acid . 73. Chemical analysis: Element : Content B2O3 : TYPICAL 48. Borax pentahydrate is a constituent of eye lotions Neobor (Neobor/pentahydrate salt borax Borax Pentahydrate Na5B2O4・7H5O) Neobo is the most used boron product of sodium borate used in industrial applications. O 291. 9% can Bulk 10Kg Borax Powder - Sodium Borate Tetraborate Pentahydrate Resealable Bags. 00 $376. Packaging Solubor DF is available in 5, 12, and 25 kg polyethylene sacks. It is superior to borax decahydrate and borax pentahydrate in terms of high bulk density and faster melting with less energy. Average bulk density 700-720 kg/m3 pH buffering action Aqueous solutions of Solubor DF range from mildly alkaline at low concentrations to practically neutral as concentration increases. Jan 1, 2006 · It was observed that bulk density also depends on the number of moles of water remaining in the borax pentahydrate structure. Non-IMSBC Code information: loses water of hydration at 122C. 88 gram per cubic centimeter or 1 880 kilogram per cubic meter, i. 15. Table I: Physical properties Product Bulk Density lb/ft 3 (kg/m ) Angle of Repose Degree of Abrasiveness Corrosivity Aldrich-221732; Sodium tetraborate 0. They have found that the anhydrous borax can be obtained by calcination of borax pentahydrate particles covered with CaO in 50, 20 and 5 min time intervals at a Average bulk density 700-720 kg/m3 pH buffering action Aqueous solutions of Solubor DF range from mildly alkaline at low concentrations to practically neutral as concentration increases. Granular Technical Get Borax Pentahydrate, 50Kg HDPE Bag in Mumbai, Maharashtra at best price by Sheetal Chemicals and more wholesalers with contact number | ID: 9372739755 Borax pentahydrate is in a lot of reserves in Bigadic, Emet, Kestelek, Kırka areas (accessed 22 June 2019). Luster is vitreous. In another chronic Boric Acid study, degeneration of seminiferous tubules was present together with a reduction of germ cells in mice fed 4,500 ppm Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate. Bulk density: 1,087 Kg/m3. ov rg qp xj yd mq gt ss ts kv